Cardiovascular disease refers to a group of conditions that affect the heart and blood vessels, including coronary artery disease, heart failure, and stroke. There are several risk factors that can increase an individual's likelihood of developing cardiovascular disease. These include high blood pressure (hypertension), high cholesterol levels, smoking, obesity, physical inactivity, poor diet, and a family history of heart disease. By managing these risk factors through lifestyle changes or medication, individuals can reduce their risk of developing cardiovascular disease.